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Key Challenges and Chinese Solutions for SOTIF in Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Jun Li, Wenbo Shao, Hong Wang

Engineering 2023, Volume 31, Issue 12, Pages 27-30 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.008

Abstract:

智能网联汽车（ICV）是全球汽车工业转型和发展的关键战略焦点，对提升驾驶安全、改善交通效率和实现低碳交通具有重要意义。然而，在ICV的发展中，由于系统复杂性提升，以及动态和挑战性的场景层出不穷，预期功能安全（SOTIF）问题已成为ICV研究和商业化面临的最关键障碍之一。本研究从全球ICV相关事故出发，强调了SOTIF问题的紧迫性，并总结了SOTIF发展面临的关键挑战，包括ICV的长尾场景问题、系统复杂性和多样性，以及人工智能算法的不透明性和不确定性。为解决这些挑战，提出了包含离线安全设计与开发、车载安全监测与防护以及主动持续学习与成长的覆盖ICV全生命周期的中国解决方案，为推动ICV的安全产业化提供重要指导建议。

Keywords：智能网联汽车预期功能安全（SOTIF）离线开发车载防护持续学习

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Research on sustainable use of resources in the Bohai Sea

Ma Caihua,You Kui,Dai Guili

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 90-93

Abstract:

The resources of the Bohai Sea is analyzed in this paper. Human factors are regarded as the main reason of unsustainable development of Bohai sea resources. Two measures are proposed,the first effort is to control pollution and improve the ecological environment in the Bohai Sea; the second efforts is to develop resollras based on the sustainable development and ecology principle, such as members of indigenous species and ecological principles, building ocean farm principles, fishing moratorium and optimization of fishing with the fishing gear, the principle of universal participation,and the principle of ecological compensation. According to the mentioned above, some suggestions are given to the government for decision-making.

Keywords： Bohai Sea marine resources sustainable utilization measures and suggestions

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Federated unsupervised representation learning Research Article

Fengda ZHANG, Kun KUANG, Long CHEN, Zhaoyang YOU, Tao SHEN, Jun XIAO, Yin ZHANG, Chao WU, Fei WU, Yueting ZHUANG, Xiaolin LI,fdzhang@zju.edu.cn,kunkuang@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1181-1193 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200268

Abstract: To leverage the enormous amount of unlabeled data on distributed edge devices, we formulate a new problem in called federated unsupervised (FURL) to learn a common representation model without supervision while preserving data privacy. FURL poses two new challenges: (1) data distribution shift (non-independent and identically distributed, non-IID) among clients would make local models focus on different categories, leading to the inconsistency of representation spaces; (2) without unified information among the clients in FURL, the representations across clients would be misaligned. To address these challenges, we propose the federated contrastive averaging with dictionary and alignment (FedCA) algorithm. FedCA is composed of two key modules: a dictionary module to aggregate the representations of samples from each client which can be shared with all clients for consistency of representation space and an alignment module to align the representation of each client on a base model trained on public data. We adopt the contrastive approach for local model training. Through extensive experiments with three evaluation protocols in IID and non-IID settings, we demonstrate that FedCA outperforms all baselines with significant margins.

Keywords： Federated learning Unsupervised learning Representation learning Contrastive learning

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The selection for sustainable development of coal industry

Wang An

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages 4-8

Abstract:

Energy is the engine and security for sustainable and rapid development of economic growth. The energy structure based on coal won't change in short term, and to meet the requirement for the rapid and sound development of national economy, coal industry will face a historic choice. By analyzing achievements, characteristics, rules and troubles of Chinese coal industry, this article tries to explore the future direction for sustainable development, make a breakthrough and create new opportunities in the industrial pattern, technology and path to adapt to the transformation of economic development and realize scientific development.

Keywords： coal industry sustainable development choice

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Study on Sustainable Development Strategy of Chinese Horticultural Industry

Deng Xiuxin,Xiang Zhaoyang and Li Chongguang

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 34-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.005

Abstract:

The paper analyzes the constraint factors and main problems of Chinese horticultural industry. The horticultural industry is a major agricultural pillar industry in China which is highly market-oriented. It is important for national economy and the people's livelihood and can guarantee urban and rural residents' nutrition health and increase peaeants' income. The study proposes that the government should carry out five strategies, i.e., layout optimization, deepening market-oriented development, going out, improving quality and effectiveness and extending industrial chain, to ensure the sustainable development of Chinese horticultural industry.

Keywords： horticultural industry sustainable development constraint factors strategy visions

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Sustainable Development and Utilization of Chin a´s Water Resources in the 21st Century

Chen Zhikai

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 7-11

Abstract:

The water resources in China are characterized by uneven regional and seasonal distribution. These features result in frequent droughts and floods, and unstable agricultural production. Per capita available water resources, ranking 108th worldwide, is very low although the country ´ s total is 2 810 km³. Regional distribution of water resources does not match that of land resources and an imbalance between water demand and supply has occurred seriously. With the growth of population, the industrial and urban water demand increased rapidly. The development of irrigation, affected by the lack of water resources, has basically been brought to a standstill. The sustainable social and economic development is facing greater challenges than any other country of the world. Moreover, owing to continuous deterioration of water environment and lack of construction funds, the water resources problems have become important constraints of social and economic development in China. This paper discusses the water problem and the countermeasures for sustainable development in 21st century.

Keywords： water resources sustainable development

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Learning to select pseudo labels: a semi-supervised method for named entity recognition Research Articles

Zhen-zhen Li, Da-wei Feng, Dong-sheng Li, Xi-cheng Lu,lizhenzhen14@nudt.edu.cn,davyfeng.c@gmail.com,dsli@nudt.edu.cn,xclu@nudt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 809-962 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800743

Abstract: models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in (NER); the good performance, however, relies heavily on substantial amounts of labeled data. In some specific areas such as medical, financial, and military domains, labeled data is very scarce, while is readily available. Previous studies have used to enrich word representations, but a large amount of entity information in is neglected, which may be beneficial to the NER task. In this study, we propose a for NER tasks, which learns to create high-quality labeled data by applying a pre-trained module to filter out erroneous pseudo labels. Pseudo labels are automatically generated for and used as if they were true labels. Our semi-supervised framework includes three steps: constructing an optimal single neural model for a specific NER task, learning a module that evaluates pseudo labels, and creating new labeled data and improving the NER model iteratively. Experimental results on two English NER tasks and one Chinese clinical NER task demonstrate that our method further improves the performance of the best single neural model. Even when we use only pre-trained static word embeddings and do not rely on any external knowledge, our method achieves comparable performance to those state-of-the-art models on the CoNLL-2003 and OntoNotes 5.0 English NER tasks.

Keywords：命名实体识别；无标注数据；深度学习；半监督学习方法

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Sustainable Development Strategy for Food Security in China

Research Group of Sustainable Development Strategy for Food Security in China

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.001

Abstract:

Food security is not only an economic issue, but also an important social issue. To ensure national food security, China has to study and evaluate correctly changes in supply and demand in the future; carry out the three development requirements of Great Food View, full industry chain and new greening; draw the alerting line for food security standards and resource utilization; differentiate importing categories and the order of priority; set clear development goals and enhance basic support and technical support. Based on the strategic concept of sustainable development of food security in the future, the paper proposes policy suggestions including setting the core strategy of being basically self-sufficient in grain, speeding up the implementation of the major project of building 1 billion mu of high standard farmlands, carrying out creative operation modes and cultivating the new type of agricultural business entities, improving laws and regulations, promoting the development process of modern agriculture, etc.

Keywords： food security sustainable development supply and demand forecast policy suggestions

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Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China

Project Group of "Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China in 21st Century", Chinese Academy of Engineering

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 8, Pages 1-17

Abstract:

The total water resource volume in China is 28 000 × 10⁸m^₃. According to the demographic statistics in 1997, the average water resource per person is 2 220 m3 and will be, by estimation, decreased to 1 760 m³ in the year of 2030 with the population growing to 16 × 10⁸. According to the commonly accepted standard, a nation which has a water resource volume per person below 1 700 m³ will be considered to be short of water resource. The water resource in future is seriously sufficient.

During the past 50 years, the national water consumption has been been lifted from above 1 000 × 10⁸ m³ in 1949 to 5 566 × 10⁸ m³ in 1997, among which agricultural water consumption was 75.3%, industrial water consumption 20.2%, and the water consumption in cities 4.5%. The average comprehensive water consumption per person rose from below 200 m³ to 458 m³. The problems confronted at present are: lack of flood prevention safety; coexistence of water resource shortage and the extravagance of water resource; the damage to e-cological environment resulted from over-exploitation of water and land resource; the deterioration of water environment and the rapid worsening of water pollution. These problems are very grave now.

This report points out that establishing modern agriculture which can efficiently save water can enable the present cultivated area and the irrigation water amount to produce sufficient products meeting the needs of population of 16 × 10⁸. The water consumtion peak in our country will appear around 2030, with the water con-sumption amounting (7 000〜8 000) x 10⁸ m³/a and the average water consumption per person 400 ~ 500 m³. By that time, the actual utilizable water volume throughout the whole country will be (8 000〜9 500) × 10⁸ m³, and that is to say the needed water amount will be approaching the utilizable water volume limit. Consequently, population should be strictly controlled from urther growing and water management to reinforced for the purpose of zero increase of needed water volume when population reaches zero-growth. The general strategy of water resource in China must be the sustainable utilization of water resource supporting the sustainable development of economy.

It is also proposed in this report that strategic shifting be implemented on aspects of flood and disaster prevention;agricultural water consumption; water consumption in cities and industry; pollution and disaster prevention;ecological environment construction; equilibrium between water supplying and needing; solutions to the water resource problem in northern and western China.

Keywords： water resource flood and disaster prevention agricultural water consumption water consumption in cities and industry ecological environment construction sustainable development

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Developing Green Technology： An Effective Way to Facilitate Sustained Development of Enterprises

Song Xiuming

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 81-85

Abstract:

Realization of the so-called bi-win of environment and economy is the vital way to correctly cope with the relationship between economical development and environment protection, and also the embodiment of sustained development. Incorporating with Jinlong's practice, this paper emphasizes the crucial role of the development and application of green technology, including design, production, management and, in improving environment quality, reasonable utilization of resources, upgrading management and competitiveness, and facilitating sustained development of enterprises.

Keywords： green technology management enterprise sustained development

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Food Security and Sustainable Development in Southeast Coastal Region of China

Zeng Yurong, Du Qiong, Chen Jianping

Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 45-53 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.025

Abstract:

This paper is based on the results of two featured projects—Forest Food Security and Marine Fishery Resources Strategy, and studies food security and sustainable development in the southeast coastal region of China that includes Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan. It first analyzes the agricultural natural resources endowment, the changes of food supply and demand, the food security assurance ability, and the main challenges that affect the food security in this region, using field investigation, statistical analysis, econometric model prediction, and other methods, and then explores strategies for assuring food security against the backdrop of resource scarcity, internationalization, and greenization. Moreover, it proposes to develop an overall food view, promote the integration of the three industries, and implement strategies that benefit the ecology and encourage globalization. Based on the technological needs and policy objectives of the southeast coastal region, ten engineering measures are proposed, including germplasm resources and modern breeding engineering, high-quality agricultural products and ecological agriculture engineering, big-data refinedmanagement engineering for farm equipment, etc.

Keywords： southeast coastal region food security sustainable development

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Engineers: The Key to Sustainable Water Use

Neil Andrew

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 586-587 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.008

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Study on the Sustainable Development of Chinese Oil Industry

Zhang Fuqin,Bian Gangyue,Bian Siying

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages 10-15

Abstract:

In view of the peak emergence of world oil and the prediction of China's energy demand and supply, the paper proposes that the development of China's oil industry should be based on domestic resources, which includes enhancing exploration and development of domestic oil-gas resources, building the conservation-minded society, realizing the multi-source strategy in energy development, etc. Meanwhile, great importance should be attached to exploiting overseas oil-gas resources and establishing the strategic reserves system for oil.

Keywords： Peak of oil supply and demand of lil gas sustainable development energy

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New directions for artificial intelligence: human, machine, biological, and quantum intelligence Comment

Li WEIGANG,Liriam Michi ENAMOTO,Denise Leyi LI,Geraldo Pereira ROCHA FILHO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 984-990 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100227

Abstract:

This comment reviews the “once learning” mechanism (OLM) that was proposed byWeigang (1998), the subsequent success of “one-shot learning” in object categories (Li FF et al., 2003), and “you only look once” (YOLO) in objective detection (Redmon et al., 2016). Upon analyzing the current state of research in artificial intelligence (AI), we propose to divide AI into the following basic theory categories: artificial human intelligence (AHI), artificial machine intelligence (AMI), artificial biological intelligence (ABI), and artificial quantum intelligence (AQI). These can also be considered as the main directions of research and development (R&D) within AI, and distinguished by the following classification standards and methods: (1) human-, machine-, biological-, and quantum-oriented AI R&D; (2) information input processed by dimensionality increase or reduction; (3) the use of one/a few or a large number of samples for knowledge learning.

Keywords：人工智能；机器学习；一次性学习；一瞥学习；量子计算

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Let Nuclear Technology Create New Brilliancy forChina’s Sustainable Development

Du Xiangwan

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 9-11

Abstract:

This paper summarizes the development and application directions of nuclear technology, including five aspects: nuclear technology and energy、nuclear technology and medicine,nuclear analysis technology,nuclear radiation technology,astronautics and voyage´s nuclear power,etc. The paper discusses the importance of them to sustainable development and generalizes the development trilogy of nuclear science and technology and its pros-pect.

Keywords： nuclear science nuclear technology nuclear engineering sustainable development

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Key Challenges and Chinese Solutions for SOTIF in Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Jun Li, Wenbo Shao, Hong Wang

Journal Article

Research on sustainable use of resources in the Bohai Sea

Ma Caihua,You Kui,Dai Guili

Journal Article

Federated unsupervised representation learning

Fengda ZHANG, Kun KUANG, Long CHEN, Zhaoyang YOU, Tao SHEN, Jun XIAO, Yin ZHANG, Chao WU, Fei WU, Yueting ZHUANG, Xiaolin LI,fdzhang@zju.edu.cn,kunkuang@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

The selection for sustainable development of coal industry

Wang An

Journal Article

Study on Sustainable Development Strategy of Chinese Horticultural Industry

Deng Xiuxin,Xiang Zhaoyang and Li Chongguang

Journal Article

Sustainable Development and Utilization of Chin a´s Water Resources in the 21st Century

Chen Zhikai

Journal Article

Learning to select pseudo labels: a semi-supervised method for named entity recognition

Zhen-zhen Li, Da-wei Feng, Dong-sheng Li, Xi-cheng Lu,lizhenzhen14@nudt.edu.cn,davyfeng.c@gmail.com,dsli@nudt.edu.cn,xclu@nudt.edu.cn